Tag Archives: Implementation

LIBRARY STOCK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LIBRARY STOCK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Library stock system is a fast growing company since the ancient methods of maintaining it are no longer dynamic and efficient, for expeditious retrieval and dissemination of information and better services for the client, application of modern techniques have become absolutely indispensable. This project focuses on developing software for a web based library stock management system which can enable the librarian to record all the books stocked in the library and also assign. The objectives of this is to build a web database for storing books stocked in the library, also to develop a web base system which will help to manage and record books borrowed and returned in the library, to assign every book unique identification number. The method used in developing this software is the waterfall model.The researcher used this methodology in the design of the software and it was implemented using sublime text on a Microsoft windows operating system using basic HTML codes, PHP, CSS and MySQL language for the relational database. The result gotten from this project was a web based library stock management system.

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction

Library is a fast growing company. The ancient methods of maintaining it are no longer dynamic and efficient. For expeditious retrieval and dissemination of information and better service for the client, application of modern techniques has become absolutely indispensable.

A properly computerized library will help its users with quick and prompt services. Library automation refers to mechanization of library housekeeping operations predominantly by computerization.

The most commonly known housekeeping operations are acquisition control, serials control, cataloguing, and classification and circulation control. Library stock managements is an enterprise  resource  planning systems for a library, used to tracks items owned, order made, bills paid etc.

1.1     Statement of the Problem

Some of the problems encountered in the manual library stock management system in institutions include:

  1. Lack of comprehensive database for book stocked in the library,
  2. Poor determination books due and overdue,
  3. Lack of verifiable borrowed material from the borrowers (student and staff),
  4. Stress to the library attendance to attended the users

1.2     Aim and Objectives

The aim of this project is to design and implement a library stock management system.

The objectives include:

  1. To build a web database for storing books using IDs assigned to each book,
  2. To develop a web base which helps to manage and record library stocks
  3. To give account of borrowed and un borrowed books ,
  4. Reduction of verbal words between the library users and the attendance

1.3     Significance of Study

With growth of information technology, the study offers numerous values in library stock management system;

  1. Library users get quality services,
  2. It will be easier to borrow books,
  3. It will provide efficient, effective and timely services,
  4. Record keeping will be more efficient.

 

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A DIGITAL MUSEUM

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A DIGITAL MUSEUM

ABSTRACT

Digital museums appeared on the internet many years ago since first emerging in 4 1991. The term Digital museum was first coined by Tsichritzis and Gibbs in their article Digital museums and digital realities referring to a museum constructed for a digital landscape and functioning as a service rather than a location. However, despite the identity and quality of exhibitions their exhibits are comparable with traditional art museum publication albums, catalogues and books, while the internet can create a qualitatively new display, where previously impossible or inconsistent methods of display of historical and artistic heritage have been set up. The objective of this project is to make remote and distant nausea contents accessible to all. Increase historical and cultural awareness in the general populace. Reduce the cost of preservation of historical heritage by adopting online archiving and story of historical detail. In order to achieve the above objectives, a method has to be used which is SSADM (structured system analysis and design method) which is system approach to the analysis and design of information systems. This methodology has a relationship to waterfall model because it has stages that helped me create my web site. This project was done using Html (hypertext markup language), Css (cascading style sheet), JavaScript, php for server scripting and Myself database. They are the technologies used in designing the website. The technologies mentioned enabled me achieve a result in designing a digital or online museum.

 

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

 

1.0 Background of the Study

Digital museums appeared in the Internet many years ago. First digital museums have emerged since 1991. However, despite the identity and quality of exhibitions their exhibits are comparable with traditional art museum publications albums, catalogues and hooks, while the Internet can create a qualitatively new displays, where previously impossible or inconsistent methods of display historical and artistic heritage have been set up. What is the identity of the museum, in which you enter? The main feature is that here are collections, which actually stored in different museums in different countries or even on divergent continents or does not exist at all.The first definition of what a digital museum is, was simply the website of a physical museum. A concept of a museum “without walls” had, however, been introduced as early as 1953 by Mairaux, who imagined 1 being an environment for the presentation of mainly photography and art. The term Digital museum was first coined by Tsichritzis and Gibbs in their article Digital museums and digital realities referring to a museum constructed for a digital landscape and functioning as a service rather then a location.

Another early idea of the digital museum was the VR digital museum that was a copy ol’ the physical museum in its architecture, and it generally contained 2D and 31) images of items from the museum’s collections. The digital museum later evolved to relbi to web sites of museums that contained different types of media (multimedia) to present information, such as images, text, sound etc.22 This is still partly the case, but a digital museum is today considered to hold a larger complexity then just different types of media presented information on a site. The digital museums have become a matter of not must basic information, but also of how the information is being presented to the users.

1.1 Statement of Problem

  • Museums are physical locations which cannot be accessed without a visit to these physical locations.
  • Museums contain artifacts of cultural heritage and history which people need to have access to reinforce a sense of history and cultural identity.
  • Inability of People to have access to museums hundreds of kilometers from them.
  • physical museums even when they are close, are normally so fully booked That people cannot have access to them unless they book months in advance.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

This project has the following objectives

  1. Make artifacts of cultural and colonial history available to all thorough the internet and world wide web as a medium.
  2. Increase historical and cultural awareness in the general populace.
  3. Make remote and distant museum contents accessible to all.
  4. Reduce the cost of perspiration of historical heritage by adopting online archiving and story of historical detail.

 This digital museum is going to help us in our interactions with each other and one another.

People from distant countries will be able to visit the digital museum to learn more about culture of a place.

 

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IMPLEMENTATION OF DERIVATIVE FREE OPTIMIZATION METHODS

IMPLEMENTATION OF DERIVATIVE FREE OPTIMIZATION METHODS

ABSTRACT

Let f be a continuous function on Rn, and supposed f is a smooth nonlinear function, such functions arise in many applications, and very often minimizers are points at which f is not differentiable. Of particular interest is the case where the gradient and the Hessian cannot be computed for any x. In this thesis, two methods are presented for implementation of derivative free optimization. The finite difference  representation of the gradient and Hessian in Quasi Newton method and the  derivative free Trust Region method. We showed that if f has a unique solution, then the set of all the step length (h) generated by the algorithm converges globally. Three test problems are presented and with the use of MATLAB (R2007b) software the effectiveness of the methods is shown. Numerical results are presented demonstrating the robustness of the algorithm and the result compared favourably with some existing algorithms.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1         Background to the Study

               This research is centered on optimizing a function of several variables, whose derivative is unavailable.

           Each and every one of us takes decisions in the course of our day-to-day activities, in order to accomplish certain tasks. Usually, there are several, perhaps many possible ways of accomplishing these tasks. Although some choices will generally be better than others, consciously or unconsciously, we must therefore decide upon the best-or optimal-way to realize our objectives.

            For example, all of us at one time or another, find it necessary to drive through city traffic. We could attempt to find the shortest possible route from point A to point B without concern for the time required to traverse this route, or alternately, we could seek out the quickest though not necessarily the shortest route between A and B. As a compromise, we might attempt to find the shortest path from A to B subject to the auxiliary condition that the transit time, does not exceed some prescribed value.

In a classical sense, Optimization can be defined as the art of obtaining best policies to satisfy certain objectives, at the same time satisfying fixed requirements. However, recent advances in Applied Mathematics, Operations Research, and Digital-Computer Technology enable many complex industrial problems in engineering and economics to be optimized successfully by the application of logical and systematic techniques. The development of new and increasingly powerful optimization techniques is proliferating rapidly.

 Optimization has been playing an important role in many branches of science and technology such as engineering, finance, probability and statistics. There are many optimization algorithms that have been developed to locate the optima of continuous objective functions. It is obvious that if a point x* corresponds to the maximum of a function f(x), the same point corresponding to the minimum value of the function – f(x). Thus, optimization can be taken to be maximization.

There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently. Hence, a number of methods have been developed for solving different types of problems.

The existence of optimization can be traced back to Newton, Lagrange and Cauchy. The development of differential methods for optimization was possible because of the contribution of Newton and Leibnitz. The foundations of the calculus of variations were laid by Bernoulli, Euler, Lagrange and Weierstrass. Constrained optimization was first studied by Lagrange and the notion of descent was introduced by Cauchy.

Despite these early contributions, very little progress was made till the 20th century, when computer power made the implementation of optimization procedures possible and this turn stimulated further research methods.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER-AIDED SYSTEM THAT SOLVES ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, the concept of teaching mathematics has always been a teacher – student relationship; in which the teacher explains the concept of the topic to the student and illustrates it with some examples. The student is then left to understand the topic on his or her own using the tools given by the teacher. A problem often results when the student needs a guide while practicing and the teacher is not available. In that case, learning becomes slow and hindered. As we are in a digital age, where computers have been built to emulate most services usually offered by a human, it is believed that the computer can also stand in the gap for the teacher in his / her absence. With respect to algebra, the objective of this project is the design and implementation of a computer aided system that algebraic equations with limitations to simultaneous equations, quadratic equations and cubic equations (involving real numbers only). The system is designed using Java, CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) and MathTex as the programming languages. The methodology used is the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design method. It is expected that this software would be able to stand in the gap in the absence of the teacher and help students solve algebraic equations on their own, using their own examples and at their own pace and also help teachers in getting versatile knowledge of a algebraic equations by testing them with their own variables. It could also help teachers understand the most optimal methods for solving an algebraic equation to avoid errors in the process of teaching and learning.

 

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Algebra is a field of mathematics that together with number theory, geometry and analysis, is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating those symbols. It is a unifying thread of almost all mathematics. As a result, it includes everything from elementary equations, to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings and fields. Algebra is divided into two main parts; elementary and abstract or modern algebra. Elementary algebra encompasses some of the basic concepts of algebra, and is often used to build one’s understanding of arithmetic (dealing with specified numbers) by introducing quantities without fixed values (called variables). Elementary algebra is mostly concerned with structures within the realm of real and complex numbers. Abstract or modern algebra is the study of algebraic structures such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, lattices etc.

Algebraic equations are needed in many aspects of life such as engineering, industry, medicine etc. As a result, we end up solving algebraic equations almost every day as we have to make decisions about specific quantities such as the amount of food to last a week, amount of materials needed for construction of a block in a site, amount of money needed to follow up a project from start to finish etc. As solving algebraic equations manually can be tiring or time-consuming; which is a consequence of the bulky steps one has to pass through that increases as the complexity of the equation increases, this project illustrates the construction of a desktop application that simulates and solves systems of algebraic equations and shows the user the algorithm followed by the computer in solving such equations.

1.1 Statement of the Problem

The following problems are observed in the manual solution of systems of algebraic equations;

  • Time Conservation: Manually solving an algebraic equation from start to finish can be time consuming especially in cases where the equation is as complex as a quadratic or cubic equation or an exponential equation with long procedures.
  • Cost: One who wants to solve an algebraic equation prefers manual solution using a calculator, a pen, a piece(s) of paper as well as four-figure tables in order to get his / her facts right. Thus, a project analyst in an industry would need a stand-by calculator, stacks of paper as well as a writing pen, all of which are costly to constantly supply and exhausts space.
  • Accuracy: Man always has the tendency to make errors as a result of extensive approximation. Example, an average individual tends to solve mathematical problems with values not more than 3-4 decimal places. This can cause significant errors when used in the long-run.

1.2 Aims and Objectives

The aim of this project is to develop a computerized solution for a system of equations, the specific objectives are to;

  • Reduce the time and energy exhumed in the process of solving algebraic equations manually.
  • Help students solve algebraic equations on their own without the constant presence of a school teacher or the constant usage of physical textbooks, as well as alleviate the stress of having to carry too many learning materials while going for studies.
  • Minimize the cost of analytic materials; in a data analyst’s office one workstation or desktop could carry as many mathematical problem solving applications as possible, which reduces the cost of buying, writing and solving materials such as the calculator, papers, pen etc.
  • Aid teachers and examination bodies in the preparation of questions and the construction of error-free marking schemes.

1.3 Significance of the study

The beneficiaries of this project are;

  • Science students involved in mathematics
  • Mathematics teachers

Every science student needs an in-depth understanding of mathematics for any significant goal is to be achieved in his / her study. This project would provide a reliable means of sourcing for help in mathematical problems involving algebraic equations. It would help the student to solve algebraic equations with high degree of accuracy, sighting norms and exceptions, as well as rules to be followed.

Mathematics teachers would benefit widely because they no longer have to rely on the limited examples textbooks offer them, but they can try as many problems as possible to expand their understanding of the algebraic equation to be solved and hence increase their efficiency while teaching.

1.4 Scope of the Project

This project covers three main types of algebraic equations, namely;

  • Simultaneous Equations which could involve;
    • Two Linear equations
    • One Linear and one quadratic equation
    • One quadratic and one cubic equation
    • One Linear and one cubic equation
  • Quadratic Equations
  • Cubic Equations

It is limited to real numbers, meaning that complex numbers, trigonometric functions and exponential functions are not considered in this context.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTER BASED AUTOMOBILE FAULT DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

This report on Design and Implementation of an Automobile fault diagnosis system is a web-based application developed to solve the issue of Automobile fault. The report is motivated by the need to guide car owners and learners of motor mechanics in the maintenance and troubleshooting of automobile problems without having to resort for presumptions and conjectures. The system features a simple user friendly interface that could allow you to search for solutions to faults developed by one’s Automobile. The methodology adopted is the Structured System Analysis Design Methodology (SSADM). The language used is Php (Hypertext preprocessor) for the server side development of the dynamic content, Mysql is used for the database design. The software is divided into two that is the admin area, and the user area. The developed software would ensure that automobile owners have proper assistance in time of crisis and will save them from the clutches of exploitative roadside mechanics.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

In present time most households own at least one car. This figure shows that a car is very important to people’s lives as it completes the cycle of living. Having that we are in the  era of computer age and internet application, it would be nice if a web-based expert system can be developed to diagnose mechanical and other related faults in our vehicles.

Software for car faults diagnosis is a system that detects information about car faults and provides possible solutions to fixing the problem. It works by entering the type of fault your car is giving you, and then it will retrieve the information of the possible fault and also display the result of how you can solve the problem without the presence of an expert.

So, this web-based software is hoped to help those who are in need of guides to deal with their cars problems. Although it might not give a complete guide and help as a human expert, namely mechanics, at least it can give temporary assistance to those who are in need of instant help, as a result of the limitation of time and distance.

Faults occur in vehicles or automobiles very often than not. This can be due to several reasons. The ability to detect and isolate these faults in complex technical systems such automobile is important in order to fulfill dependability requirements.  Fault detection and isolation in automobiles is very important because it helps to maintain high vehicle operational efficiency, low exhaust emissions, high vehicle uptime, fuel consumption reduction or fuel economy, high vehicle safety and it guarantees efficient repair. These factors are very important because they help to reduce overall life-cycle cost of a  vehicle.

 

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

With the help of a car, movement from one place to another has been made easy especially for those who are always mobile in their jobs. Cars simplify our lives and make time to be more valuable as we can save more time using the car. But at the same time, people who own cars definitely don’t want to have a problem with their cars as the troubleshooting of a car can be a nightmare to them, especially women[2]. Some of those own a car individually don’t know how to deal with their cars whenever it has a problem. All they know is to start the engine, drag the clutch if it is not automatic, press the paddle and break when they need to. An even the worse situation is that they don’t even know how to fill the fuel tank, and that is not good. They won’t know what to do when something happens to their cars. All they can do at best is, call the automobile repairer for help.

So, this web-based software is hoped to help those who are in need of guides to deal with their cars problems. Although it might not give a complete guide and help as a human expert, namely mechanics, at least the expert system can give temporary assistance to those who are in need of instant help, as a result of the limitation of time and distance.

 

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

          In dealing with problems of a car and troubleshooting, automobile repairers are those who can help to solve them. The use of a computer expert system is beneficial in different ways. It gives a temporary and instant guide to car owners in different situations like:

  • Assistance in the absence of automobile repairers.
  • Being an alternative considering the distance of automobile repairers.
  • Situations where automobile repairers diagnosis wrongly, etc.

 

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

  • Developing a system for car maintenance and troubleshooting that is capable of assisting car owners in dealing with their cars problems and troubleshooting them whenever time is limited and the human experts, also known as mechanics is not available at that very time.
  • Providing recommendations in cases of automobile break down.
  • Providing maintenance advice to users in order to avoid future fault from occurring.
  • Testing and validating the system’s performance.
  • Helping automobile repairers diagnose serious faults and repair vehicles at a faster rate through the pre-diagnosis and advice a web-based software.
  • Developing appropriate representation architecture to the proposed car failure and malfunction diagnosis assistance system.

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The proposed system can help inexperienced automobile repairers or drivers in diagnosing the fault of the car.

 In addition, the system has the following benefits:

  • Improvement of productivity: Having this system will enable mechanics to do more work in less time.
  • Reduces the need for skilled mechanics: The repairs of a car require a high level of expertise. With this system, inexperienced mechanics can be guided to find the fault.
  • Places expert knowledge into machine readable form, where it can be summoned at any time.

 

1.5    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

          This software may contain certain limits and flaws, as it is only a prototype. We commonly know that a car has many parts on its body and even in the body itself. However, the system will only deal with problems that are commonly found in the engine part of the car as the system is just a prototype, which means the function will be expanded through time. The system will also deal with only cars produced from the year 2000 till date.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAFFIC OFFENCE TRACKING SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Traffic Offence Tracking System is a useful web based and database program that records all the traffic offences committed nationwide. The system helps the Federal Road Safety Commission to keep adequate records of all traffic offences that has been committed, the offender details and penalty payment made. It also helps to heck financial fraud for the commission.

This work was developed with PHP, AJAX, Python and MYSQL database for effective information keeping.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prior to the establishment of Federal Road Safety Commission in 1988, there was no concrete and sustained policy action to address the carnage on Nigerian roads. Earlier attempts in this direction were limited to discrete and isolated attempts by some states of the Federation and individuals. The unpleasant trend in the nation’s road traffic system which resulted in upsurge in road traffic accidents made the Federal Government initiate a search for a credible and effective response to the challenge. In February 1988, the Federal Government established the Federal Road Safety Commission through Decree No .45 of the 1988 as amended by Decree 35 of 1992 referred to in the statue books as the FRSC Act cap 141 laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN) passed by the National Assembly as Federal Road Safety Commission (establishment) Act 200. Around the world road traffic injuries are a major public health challenges that requires concerted efforts for effective and sustained prevention. An estimated 1 .2rnillion people are killed in road crashes every year and as many as 50million puffer injuries. The world health organization believes that these figures could increase by more than half over the next 20years unless there is a firm commitment to road safety and accident prevention, especially in Nigeria, most adults will know of someone who has been killed or injured in a road traffic accident. It is a dead fact that many of these accidents and their consequences would have been avoided. Therefore the Computerized Traffic Offence System will help to keep records of all traffic offences committed by road users and also maintain the databases of the commission (FRSC).

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The present system of traffic offence system which is the manual system known as (Notice of Offence Sheet) has a lot of problems which are mentioned below:

TIME: Going by the present system of operation, time is consumed in the manual handling of operation involved in road traffic documentation.

COST: This is the reatest problem of the Federal Road Safety Commission. The commission tends to lose a lot of money running the agency manually. DOCUMENT INTEGRITY: This is viewed in the contest of safety, in validity of the records in document files used in report generation. In terms of safety, the nature of the system makes it vulnerable to theft, fire or accidental destruction.

This makes the system unsafe as the time needed to replace lost data or files is enormously large.

1.2 OBJECJES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are as follows:

Provide better services to the public and users making the highway safe for motorists and other road users.

  • To keep records that are complete, integrated and up to date, also recommending works and devices designed to eliminate or minimize accidents on the highways and advising the Federal and State Government including the Federal Capital Territory Administration and relevant governmental agencies on the localities where such works and devices are required.
  • To produce a system where information and output report will be produced or made available much faster, more accurately and more detailed to the commission and the public by educating motorist and members of the public on the importance of discipline on the highway.
  • Maintaining the validity period for drivers’ licenses which shall be three years subject to renewal at the expiration of the validity period as well as designing, registering and producing vehicle plate number.
  • Conducting researches on the standardization of highway traffic codes.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

With the growth in information technology, the study offers numerous values to the Federal Road Safety Commission and any organization that deals with office documentation data/information. Huge files kept through the manual method in offices will no longer be there again because information will be stored on the computer with the help of the Computerized. Traffic Offence System. It will help to keep a comprehensive record of traffic offence documented.

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