THE INFLUENCE OF MIXED CODING IN NIGERIA ENGLISH

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.0     Introduction

The phenomena of code switching and code mixing are as old as the culture of bilingualism and multilingualism. However, code switching and mixing are commonly studied as element of spoken language, involving the attenuation of codes.

Amidst several definitions of a code wardaugh (1986:87) defines communication two or more parties used on any occasions: it therefore refers to the system by which communication take place.

Similarly, Verschueren (2003) views code as any distinguishable variant of a language, involving systematic set of geographical area, a social class, an assignment of functions or a specific context of use.

Code switching and code mixing have been viewed differently in certain areas of linguistic studies. However, Getha (2010) explains that the difference between code switching and code mixing is basically a theoretical difference based on a matter of grammatical items involved, in addition to the situation and topic.

Nigerian English is a unique form of English that has evolved over time due to the linguistic diversity and cultural richness of Nigeria. It develop as a result of English colonization and subsequent independence and it incorporates elements from various Nigerian languages, as well as Pidgin English and other non-standard varieties.

In accordance with Muysken (200:1), code-mixing means the lexical items and grammatical features of two language that exist in the same sentence. Code mixing is a normal, natural product of bilingual and multilingual language use code-mixing is a term used in the bilingualism area. Siregar(2016:3), code-mixing refers to the linguistic behaviour of a “bilingual speaker who imports words or phrases from one of his/her language into the other ones”.

Wardaugh (2014:8)state that code-mixing occurs when conversant use both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance it means that the conversant just change some of the element in their utterance. Code mixing takes place without a change of topic and can involve various levels of language. For example, morphology and lexical items.

Mixed coding refer to the practice of integrating multiple languages, dialects or language varieties within a single conversation or text. In the context of Nigerian English, mixed coding often involves the blending of English with Nigerian languages, particularly Pidgin English, Yoruba, lgbo, Hausa, and other local languages spoken across the country.

The influence of mixed coding in Nigerian English can be observed in various linguistic phenomena, including vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and discourse patterns.

One aspect of mixed coding in Nigerian English is code switching, Jowitt (1991) states that it very clear that code switching, far from constituting a breakdown of bilingual mischsprache, is a systematic and meaningful mode of communication for many bilingual communities. It is not “interference” or abnormality in the speech of a person on the contrary, code alternation represents the creative use of both languages by a bilingual community.

The influence of mixed coding in Nigerian English is complex and fascinating area of study. It reflect the linguistic diversity, cultural heritage, and social dynamics of Nigeria, and it plays a crucial role in shaping communication patterns and identity.

1.1     Statement of the Study

The influence of mixed coding in Nigerian English is a significant issue that warrants investigation. Nigerian English, as a unique linguistic variant, is deeply intertwined with the country’s diverse linguistic landscape.

The emergence of mixed coding, a linguistic phenomenon on involving the blending of English with indigenous Nigerian languages, has become increasingly prevalent in various domains of communication within Nigeria.

However, despite its pervasive presence, the in influence of mixed coding on Nigerian English remains largely unexplored. There is a lack of systematic research that delves into the effects, implications, and potential challenges associated with mixed coding in Nigerian English. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for accurately comprehending the nature of Nigerian English, its development in various professional and social contexts.

1.2     Aim/Objectives of the Study

The aims of the study is to investigate the prevalence and frequency of mixed coding in Nigerian English.

1. To examine the linguistic features of mixed coding.
2. To examine the sociolinguistic factors influencing mixed coding.
3. To assess the impact of mixed coding on language development.
4. To examine the identity implications of mixed coding.
5. To analyze the communication patterns of mixed coding in Nigerian English.

1.3     Research Questions

In view of the aims and objectives of this study the following will be some of the question we will seek to find answers to:

1. What is the level of codes (code mixing) patronage among people?
2. Do code mixing have influence on its audience?
3. Whether code contribute in code mixing among its audience

1.4     Significance of the Study

Nigeria is a linguistically diverse country with over 500 language  spoken, yet English has gained significant status as the country’s official language. As a result, Nigerian English has emerged as a distinct variety with its own unique features; including the use of mixed coding, mixed coding to the blending of English with elements from Nigerian languages, such as vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

Adegbija,E. (1994) analyzes the sociolinguistic implication of mixed coding, examining how it affect identity, language attitudes, and language policies in Nigeria.

The influence of mixed coding in Nigerian English has social implications. Language is a powerful marker of social identity and the use of mixed coding can be seen as a way for Nigerians to assert their linguistic and cultural distinctiveness. Understanding the role of mixed coding in Nigerian English can contribute to a better appreciation and acceptance of linguistic diversity and cultural hybridity.

Adegbija, E. (1994) research highlights the significance of mixed coding in Nigeria, emphasizing it roles in cultural identity expression, linguistic accommodation, language attitudes, and language policy consideration.

From a practical standpoint, studying the influence of mixed coding in Nigerian English  can have implications for language education and language planning. It can inform curriculum development, language teaching methodologies and language policy decisions.

1.5     Scope/Limitations of the Study

The study is focused on the phenomenon of mixed coding in the context of Nigerian English. Mixed coding is a linguistic phenomenon where individuals use a combination of two or more languages or language varieties within a single discourse or sentence. In case of Nigerian English, it involves the blending of Nigerian indigenous languages or pidgin English  with standard English.

The study aims to examine the various aspects of mixed coding in Nigerian English including its linguistic feature, sociocultural aspects, and its impact on communication within Nigerian society. By focusing on this topic the diversity and language contact phenomena in Nigerian English.

1.6     Definition of Terms

Code: This refers to a system of rules and conversions used for communication.

Code Mixing: this involve borrowing words or phrases from one language and incorporating them into another language.

Code Switching: refers to the practice of alternating between two or more language or language varieties in different context or situations.

Bilingual: refers to a person who is able to speak and understand two language fluently.

Multilingual: refers to a person who can speak and understand multiple language.

Tagged with: Bilingual, Code, Code Mixing, Code Switching, Multilingual, Nigerian English, Nigerian Indigenous Languages, Pidgin English