Tag Archives: Public Organization

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN THE EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATION

ABSTRACT

This research was on “Assessment of the Role of Internal Auditing in the Effective Management of Public Organization” with reference to Benue State University, Makurdi, as a case study. The study specifically examined the role of internal auditing in the areas of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling which constituted the variables of the study. Five research questions and five hypotheses guided the study. The survey method was used for the study with a population of 70 respondents comprising Head of Departments, staff of the Internal audit Department, Bursary unit and Lecturers of Educational Management, of which a sample size of 50 was used. A self structured questionnaire titled “The Role of Internal auditing in the Effective Management Questionnaire (TRIAEMQ)”was used to collect data from the respondents. The data was analyzed using simple percentages. The study made the following findings that: internal auditing has significant influence on planning in Benue State University; there is a significant impact of internal auditing in organizing Benue State University; internal auditing has significant impact on staffing in Benue State University; internal auditing has a significant role to play in directing the affairs of the school; internal auditing has a significant impact in controlling the institution: Due to the relevance of internal auditing, the researcher recommended that: plans should be properly scrutinized by the internal auditors before implementation so as to help detect and correct errors; the school management should adopt the recommendations of the internal audit department; staff audit should be carried out at regular intervals and should be handled strictly by the university’s audit department; the management on their part should acknowledge the report submitted to them and allocate more power to the internal audit unit to ensure independence; the internal auditors should be allowed to carry out audit on the bursary unit, as this will ensure financial control.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

The role which internal auditing plays is enormous in any organization or educational institution, thus the function and existence of internal audit department in an organization or educational institutions cannot be overemphasized considering the enormity and embodiment of trust, responsibility and accountability accorded to this department.

According to Obazee, (2009), internal auditing can be defined as an independent activity objectively, confirmatory, and consultant determined to add value and improve the organization’s operations and by helping them to achieve their objectives through a systematic and disciplined method to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management and control processes and governance.

According to the American Institute of Management (1959:6) management is guiding human and physical resources into dynamic organizational units which attain their objectives to the satisfaction of those who served and with a high degree of morale and sense of attainment in the part of those rendering services.

Ogbonanya (2009) defined management as a social process that has goals and objectives to achieve. Management is also the guidance or directing of people towards the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. Management involves Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling.

Planning is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to Koontz (1968) “Planning is deciding in advance – what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making.

Organizing is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol (1999), “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful for its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel”. To organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure. Organizing as a process involves:

  1. Identification of activities.
  2. Classification of grouping of activities.
  3. Assignment of duties.
  4. Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
  5. Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

Staffing is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose of staffing is to put the right man on the right job i.e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Koontz & O’Donell (1968) “Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection; appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles designed on the structure”. Staffing involves:

  1. Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place).
  2. Recruitment, Selection & Placement.
  3. Training & Development.
  4. Performance Appraisal.
  5. Promotions & Transfer.

Directing is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion, the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work. Directing is that inter-personal aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, & motivating sub-ordinates for the achievement of organizational goals. Directing has following elements: Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, & Communication.

Controlling implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur. According to Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation”. According to Koontz & O’Donell “controlling is the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to be obtained are being accomplished”. Therefore controlling has following steps:

  1. Establishment of standard performance.
  2. Measurement of actual performance.
  3. Comparison of actual performance with the standards and finding out deviation if any.
  4. Corrective action.

Planning is an intellectual and continuous managerial function and is the beginning of the process of management. Planning as earlier stated is a futuristic course of action aimed at harnessing the organizational resources such as man, material, financial and time resources. The main reason for planning is to utilize the available but limited resources; the essence of planning is to distribute these resources to various departments according to their needs and priorities. Hence internal auditing comes to play an active role carried out by the internal auditor. The internal auditor establishes checks to ensure that such resources are deployed to the various units and are effectively utilized in line with its purpose as earlier planned. The internal auditor also cross checks all plans to ensure that they are relevant in moving the organization forward and not just mere schemes for money laundering.

The organizing function of management naturally and logically follows the planning function. The school management decides what they want to accomplish, be it profit, and return on investment, student graduated or whatever performance measure and the objectives for the type of institution they are managing. But before these objectives can be established, somebody must do some work and they must do the right work. It is through this that the management decides what strategy to be used in ensuring accomplished planned objective, it also involves the line of authority and how responsibilities are assigned. It is now the responsibility of the internal audit department to ensure that there is a smooth flow of delegation of duties from a superior to a subordinate. The internal auditor goes through the organizational structure to ensure the right people are in their right positions because an effective organizational structure will enable the managers allocate resources amicably.

Staffing involves managing the organizations structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the roles designed into the structure. It is also concerned with the placement, growth and development of members of the organization whose function is to get things done through the efforts of other individuals. Internal auditing assumes a very important role in the employment of staff. During recruitment of staff the auditor ensures that only people who merit the job are offered employment. Nevertheless, the internal audit department also helps in discovering ghost workers through staff audit.

 Directing is a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing has got no importance if directing function does not take place. After instructions have been passed to the subordinates, the internal auditors serve as supervisors who guide the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish stated to ensure that every instruction is executed to the latter.

Controlling is an important function of management because it helps to check the errors and to take the corrective action so that deviations from standards are minimized and stated goals of the organizations are achieved in a desired manner. Controlling therefore is the job of internal auditors to do, thereby evaluating performance compared to plan, reporting deviations in time, taking corrective actions by establishing standards and goals, appraising performance and correcting deviations.

Internal auditing therefore becomes a necessity, taking into cognizance the extended span of control faced by the management with regards to Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling of labor, and materials in conducting the affairs of the institution. The work and activities carried out by the internal audit department is very relevant and important especially in our modern day organizations and have been saddled with the responsibility to offer advice to the management and enforce the operations of internal control and internal checks in the organization. The hitches, inefficiencies and impediment during day to day activities are controlled. Internal auditing is an organizations initiative to monitor and analyze its own operations in order to determine how well it conforms to a set of criteria.

Internal auditing is an ongoing appraisal of the financial health of an organization by its own employees; employees who carry out this function are called internal auditors (www.investorswords.com). Their duties are usually defined by the management and they include:

  1. Measurement of the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control system on a continuous basis;
  2. Routine checks to prevent and detect errors and frauds;
  3. Provision of hireling advice to management on internal control matters;
  4. Investigation of reported cases of all practices;
  5. Provision of statistical data for management information and decision making.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

Internal auditing for years has been a very vital tool which aids an organization to detect errors and discrepancies before they occur. It is a proactive measure towards unforeseen contingences. In the course of this study here in Benue State University, the researcher was able to make observations, inquiries and gather information regarding the problems of the management of institution that proper auditing would have detected and taken care of. Below are the problems;

Over population: is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity. This is the biggest problem faced by the school management; the university is congested and cannot accommodate the thousands of students seeking admission into the school. Currently the management is admitting more than she can cater for, this situation would have been avoided had it been proper auditing was employed from the onset. It is the responsibility of the internal auditor to advice the school management on the number of students to offer admission considering the available facilities in the school, but perhaps maybe the internal audit department was boycotted. 

Poor maintenance culture: It is only proper maintenance that enables equipments and facilities to reach or exceed its life span; however poor maintenance leads to its malfunctioning and damage. The maintenance unit of the school charged with the responsibility of carrying out proper maintenance on equipments and facilities within the school campus are lagging behind. For instance, at the initial commissioning of the Chemistry Department Auditorium, all air-conditions were working in their full capacity, but today not even one is active. This is as a result of poor maintenance, now this is where internal auditing play a very important role to make sure that money allocated for this purpose is utilized and not looted by officials.

Inadequate Hostel accommodation: This complements the first problem mentioned (over population), a situation where the school admits 7000 students and has accommodation for only 2000 students it becomes difficult for the school management to monitor the activities of her students. This also exposes students to various social vices such as cultism, prostitution, robbery e.t.c since 70% of the total number of students stay outside the school campus, the researcher is also affected.

Shortage of lecture halls: Due to the overpopulation of students in the university there is shortage in lecture venues, students now receive lectures in dilapidated buildings such as the Technical block, and lectures are held in improvised open arena like the convocation square which is not conducive for learning.

All these problems have in one way or the other affected the development and smooth running of the institution, in essence the problem is lack of internal auditing and supervision in all the various departments in the university.

1.3     Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of internal auditing in the effective management of Benue State University, Makurdi. The purpose of this study is;

  1. To investigate how internal auditing facilitates planning in Benue State University.
  2. To find out if internal auditing has any role to play in organizing Benue State University.
  3. To find out how internal auditing affects staffing in the University.
  4. To find out what role internal auditing plays in directing the affairs of the school.
  5. To find out how internal auditing assists in controlling the institution.

1.4     Research Questions

To guide this project, (5) five research questions were formulated as follows:

  1. How does internal auditing facilitate planning in Benue State University?
  2. What are the roles internal auditing plays in organizing the University?
  3. Do you think internal auditing affects staffing in the University?
  4. What are the roles internal auditing plays in directing the affairs of the school?
  5. Do you know if internal auditing assists in controlling the institution?

1.5     Research Hypotheses

Ho1:  Internal auditing has no significant influence on planning in Benue State University.

Ho2:  Internal auditing has no significant role to play in organizing Benue State University.

Ho3:  Internal auditing has no significant influence on staffing in Benue State University.

Ho4:   Internal auditing has no significant role to play in directing the affairs of the school.

Ho5:  Internal auditing has no significant effect in controlling the institution.

1.6     Significance of the Study

The findings in this work will reveal reasons why internal auditing is a vital tool used in enhancing the effective management of any organization, especially Benue State University. It will also establish reasons for the need of an internal audit department in every organization. This research work will be beneficial to the following group of persons;

Organizations: This work will be of relevance Benue State University because the researcher discloses the basic rudiments required to foster effectiveness, the research provides moral influence to protect efficiency and assist the management in dealing promptly with issues which would have created problems if left to linger until they generate more problems.

The researcher: will be of utmost benefit because this project will test his intellectual abilities, it will also broaden the researcher’s knowledge and enable him read wide. It will make the researcher acquainted with various concepts and principles.

Educational Management Students: This work will serve as a reference point to students who will like to carry out further research on the same topic or a similar topic to this because the researcher has put together a body of knowledge that will be useful.

1.7     Scope of the Study

The scope of this study focuses on the role of internal auditing in effective management, using Benue State University, Makurdi.

The study covers the basic functions of management that makes up the variables of this study. They are; Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing & Controlling as they relate to auditing in Benue State University.

1.8     Operational Definition of Terms

In this section, the researcher will give definitions of the basic concepts of the search.

  1. Internal auditing
  2. Management
  3. Effective
  4. Planning
  5. Organizing
  6. Staffing
  7. Directing
  8. Controlling

 

  1. Internal Auditing: Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes.
  2. Management: Management is the coordination of all the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling in order to attain organizational objectives. Management is the judicious application of the human, infrastructural, material, financial and time resources towards the attainment of organizational objectives.
  3. Effective: Been adequate to accomplish a purpose, producing an intending or expected result.
  4. Planning: Deciding today what you want to achieve in the near future considering your available resources. It is laying down pre-determined goals and defining means of achieving them.
  5. Organizing: Establishing a relationship between all components of an organization, creating structural line of authority which define what is to be done, by whom and how.
  6. Staffing: This entails recruitment, replacement and training of personnel as well as maintenance of favorable work climate or condition of service.
  7. Directing: Deciding what specific thing each staff should do, establishing order and instructions for each member as well as offering leadership in the entire work place.
  8. Controlling: The appraisal and examination of results during which weaknesses and errors are uncovered and steps taken to prevent their reoccurrence.

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PERSONNEL WELFARE AS AN INCENTIVE FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATION (A Case Study of Kaduna Polytechnic)

PERSONNEL WELFARE AS AN INCENTIVE FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATION

ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is to examine: “Personnel Welfare as an Incentive for Higher Productivity in Public Organization” with reference to Kaduna Polytechnic as a case study. The study adopted survey approach in its design. The research used a sample of 100 staff, both academic and non-academic, of Kaduna Polytechnic. The major instrument of data collection was a five point Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was based on 100 questionnaires that were accurately filled and returned. The statistical tools for data analysis are simple percentage and mean (X) with acceptance region format of 2.5 using SPSS version 17. This study concludes that personnel welfare (schemes) are truly observed in Kaduna Polytechnic as an incentive for higher productivity.

 

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the Study

In this era of Globalization, market economy, hyper competition and rapid changing environment, the success of an organization depends on the personnel performance. Personnel performance is an essential requirement if an organization is to maintain its efforts towards the realization of predesigned goals. According to Human Resource Philosophy, personnel are the most important business resource that must be managed carefully in order to maximize return on investment and achieve business objectives. Organizations have to provide various benefits to ensure personnel welfare is taken care of. In fact, in this age and era it is almost impossible to operate an organization without offering a basic set of benefits for personnel welfare. Welfare is concerned with the total wellbeing of personnel both at work and at home. Armstrong (2004) states that personnel welfare programs rest mainly on the abstract ground of social responsibility on organizations for those who work for them. Organizations need highly performing personnel in order to meet their goals to deliver the products and services they specialize in and hence achieve competitive advantage. According to Gayle and Brock (2004) Organizations provide welfare facilities to their personnel to keep their motivation levels high. The personnel welfare programs can be classified into two categories viz. statutory and non-statutory welfare schemes. The statutory schemes are those schemes that are compulsory to provide by an organization as compliance to the laws governing personnel health and safety. The non-statutory schemes differ from organization to organization and from industry to industry. The very logic behind providing welfare schemes is to increase a healthy, loyal and productive workforce, create efficient and satisfied labour force for the organization, promote healthy organizational relations thereby maintaining industrial peace.

The term welfare suggests the state of well being and implies wholesomeness of the human being. It is a desirable state of existence involving the mental, physical, moral and emotional factor of a person. Adequate levels of earnings, safe and humane conditions of work and access to some minimum social security benefits are the major qualitative dimensions of employment which enhance quality of life of workers and their productivity. Institutional mechanisms exist for ensuring these to workers in the organized sector of the economy. These are being strengthened or expanded to the extent possible. However, workers in this sector are to be studied periodically, whether they are satisfied with the welfare provided by the companies, as welfare schemes are directly dependant on the economy of the companies. Steps need to be taken on a larger scale than before to improve the quality of public life of the workers, including women personnel. Labour welfare is a key to improve employer-personnel relations.

In order to increase labour welfare, employers offer extra incentives, health benefits, medical benefits and other schemes to make workers to accept mechanization. The performance of personnel is critical to the survival of the production process in organizations (Namuddu, 2010). Whether in educational or corporate settings, it is with array that such production processes are supported by a well streamlined and purpose driven human labour which is willing and determined to challenge its self to the maximum to meet set challenges (Emojong, 2004). In the general view, organizations should have interest in igniting this fire through different strategies such as motivation, retention, and development. Among these are: remuneration, compensation, incentives and welfare. The welfare strategy is considered vital because the quality of teachers is crucial to any education system (Kitunga, 2009). This study however will throw more light on personnel welfare as an incentive for higher productivity in public organization with Kaduna Polytechnic as a Case Study.

1.2       Historical Background of Kaduna Polytechnic

Kaduna Polytechnic has grown from a humble beginning in 1956 when it started as “Kaduna Technical Institution” to what is today the largest Polytechnic in Africa South of the Sahara in term of staff, student population and physical infrastructure. It is the second oldest technological institutions in Nigeria, the oldest being Yaba College of Technology which was established in 1948. Kaduna Polytechnic is also the largest tertiary institution after Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

The conception of technical institutions in Northern Nigeria was muted as far back as 1951. Five years later this idea resulted in the establishment of Kaduna Technical Institutions in 1956; this was a result of the acceptance by the British Government of the recommendation of the Higher Education Commission that suggests the upgrading of Yaba College of Technology to an Institution and proposed the establishment of Technology institute in Kaduna and Enugu. In 1956, the Kaduna Technology institute took off with the following mandate:

  1. To operate in fields other than those of the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology.
  2. To train Engineering Assistants (Technicians).
  3. To promote “Feeders” for the Nigerian College of Arts Science and Technology as much as possible but not exclusively.
  4. To provide courses leading to a standard of the ordinary National Diploma Certificate in the United Kingdom.

It was envisaged that the courses would be raised to the standard equivalent to Higher National Certificate and Diploma Candidate admitted to junior Technical Programmed (comparable to the Secondary Technical Schools in England) was to run for four years after which students were to be awarded Building Engineering and Commerce. Provision was also made for students to prepare for the City and Guilds examination in several subjects. These were electrical Installation, Telecommunication subjects, Sheet Metal public. Carpentry wood, Mechanist, Brick Workmanship, Painting, Training and General Crafting in Wood, Metal, Pottery, Weaving, Leather and Book Binding.

The Commercial Department of the Kaduna Technical was also opened in 1956 with the objectives of Teaching Commercial subjects to meet the shortage of trained Clerical staff. The junior Commercial courses were run for two years in residence and successful candidates were awarded Junior Certificate. The Senior Commercial courses were run for one year with the students selected form the junior course. The successful candidates were awarded the Senior Commercial Certificate. Subjects taught in both courses were English language, Book-keeping, shorthand, Typewriting, Commerce, History, Economics and Elements of Mercantile law.

By 1959/60, evening courses were held twice weekly (Mondays and Thursday) for beginning students who were in Clerical employment and had been educated to middle II standard or had a certificate in English Language of the Royal Society of Arts or its equivalent. Elementary courses were offered for students who had completed courses in the Theory of Pitman’s Shorthand while intermediate courses were offered for students who had certificate in shorthand at the speed of not less than 70 w.p.m.

The northern Nigeria Executive Council be conclusion No. 1 at its meeting of 17th August, 1962, re-designated the Kaduna Technical Institute as the Polytechnic Kaduna. It became Kaduna Polytechnic in 1968 under the Federal Government Decree No. 20 of 1963 which was amended in 1979 by Decree No. 734 on 27th August, 1991; the Federal Government took over the institution under Decree No. 40 of the same year.

The institution was established with object of providing diverse instructions, trainings and research in technology, the sciences, commerce, the humanities and in-service programmed for members of the public service in 1968, it amalgamated two formerly independent Training Centre namely the College of Science of Administrative and Business Studies (formerly Staff Development Centre). The College of Environmental Studies (formerly Survey Unit) was integrated in April 1970 to complete the three collegiate structure of the Polytechnic which operated until 1990.

In 1990, the College of Engineering was created out of the College of Sciences and Technology. Also, in 2006, the College of Administrative and Business Studies was split into two Colleges- College of Business and Management Studies and College of Administrative Studies and Social Sciences.

The Polytechnic is highly cosmopolitan with students admitted for all over Nigeria and other countries. It has been in the forefront in the training of high and middle level manpower for the various sectors of the nation’s economy.

Form a modest figure of 158 students in 1961 at the Technical Institute, student courses on part-time, while 300 were on full time programs. Currently, the 36 academic departments in five colleges. The courses vary in duration and character, ranging form certificate, Diploma, National Diploma, Higher National Diploma as well as NCE (technology) and B Ed (technology) which is run in affiliation with the Federal University of Technology, Minna.

The uniqueness of the curricula covered under the various programmers is the emphasis on practical to ensure that a graduate acquires the right skill required by government, industry and commence or self employment.

Kaduna Polytechnic has mounted a number of post programmes and post HND programmes. In 1995, the polytechnic started the first ever NBTE approved post HND programme Electronics and communication Engineering.

College, Schools, Departments and Programmes

The polytechnic has 5 colleges, 12 schools, 38 departments and 138 programmed as follows:

  1. College of Science and Technology (CST)

The college is located in the Main campus Tudun-Wada, Kaduna.

The college has two (2) schools with seven departments namely:

  1. School of Science and Technical Education

The school has the following departments:

  1. Applied Science.
  2. Math’s, Statistic and Computer Science.
  3. Education (technical)
  1. School of Technology

Under this school, there are the following departments:

  1. Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism Management.
  2. Food Technology.
  3. Textile Technology & Fashion Design.
  4. Printing Technology.

The college runs the following programmes:

  1. ND & HND in Science Lab Technology
  2. ND & HND in Computer Science
  3. ND &HND in Statistic
  4. ND & HND in Food Technology
  5. ND & HND in Nutrition & Dietetic
  6. ND & HND in Hospitality Management
  7. ND & HND in Leisure and Tourism Management
  8. Certificate, Advanced Certificate, ND & HND in Textile Technology
  9. ND & HND in Fashion Design
  10. ND, HND & POST-HND in Printing Technology
  11. NCE (Technical), B.E.D (Technology) in affiliation with Federal University of Technology Minna, PGD in Education (Technical), PGD in Education
  12. in Nursing Education
  13. in Primary Health CarE

B. College of Administrative Studies and Social Sciences (CASSS)

The college of administration studies and social sciences (CASSS) is located at by pass campus along Kashia road. It is 18 kilometers from Tudun campus, 15 kilometers from business and management studies (CBMS) and 8 kilometers from college of environmental studies (CES).

CASSS was carved out of the former College of Administration and Business Studies (CABS) in the year 2005.

The college has two schools nine departments:

1. School of Administrative Studies comprise:

  1. Department of Public Administration
  2. Department of Local Government Studies
  3. Department of Legal Studies

2. School of Social Science Comprise:

  1. Department of Social Development
  2. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
  3. Department of Library and Information Sciences
  4. Department of Social Sciences
  5. Department of Language
  6. Department of Mass Communication

   The college runs the following programmes:

  1. ND & HND & PGD in public administration
  2. PGD in Public Accounting & Auditing
  3. ND & HND in Local Government Studies
  4. ND &HND Library and Information Sciences
  5. ND & HND in Social Development
  6. PGD in International Relations and Diplomacy
  7. PGD in Criminology
  8. Intermediate & Advance Certificate and Diploma in Arabic, French & Hausa
  9. Intermediate Certificate, Diploma and Higher Diploma in Rehabilitation Science
  10. HD & HND Mass Communication
  11. Civil Service Exam Unit

C. College of Environmental Studies (CES)

The college is located along Aliyu Makama Road, Barnawa, Kaduna. This college is made up of two schools and seven departments:

  1. School of Geodesy and Land Administration:
  1. Environmental Sciences
  2. Estate Management
  3. Topographic Science
  1. School of Environmental Design:

            With the following departments;

  1. Urban and Regional Planning
  2. Quantity Surveying
  3. Architecture
  4. Building

    The college the following programmes:

  1. Professional Diploma in Surveying and Geoinformatic
  2. ND & HND in Surveying and Geoinformatics
  3. ND & HND in Building
  4. ND,HND & POST-HND (Professional Diploma) in Urban and Regional Planning
  5. ND & HND in Architecture
  6. ND & HND in Quantity Surveying
  7. ND Environmental & Industrial Safety
  8. HND Environmental Technology
  9. ND & HND in Estate Management

D. College of Business and Management Studies (CBMS)

The college is located along Golf Course road, Ungwar Rimi, Kaduna. nThe college has two schools and eight departments, namely:

  1. School Business and Financial Studies:
  1.  Accountancy
  2. Banking and Finance
  3. Business Administration
  4. Marketing
  5. Purchasing and Supply
  1. School of Management Studies

            With the following departments:

  1. Cooperative Economic and Management
  2. Office Technology and Management
  3. Management Studies

            The college runs the following programmes:

  1. ND & HND in Accounting
  2. ND, HND & PGD in Business Administration
  3. ND, HND & PGD in Cooperative Economic & Mgt
  4. HND & PGD in Production Operation Mgt
  5. PGD in Management Science
  6. PGD & HND in Human Resources Mgt
  7. HND in Marketing
  8. HD & HND in Office Technology and Mgt
  9. ND in Backing and Finance
  10. HND in Purchasing & Supply

E. The College of Engineering (CEO)

The college is located in the main campus, Tudun-Wada, Kaduna.

  1. School of Industrial Engineering;

With the department of:

  1. Electrical/Electronics Engineering
  2. Chemical Engineering
  3. Mechanical Engineering
  4. Computer Engineering
  1. School of Natural Resources Engineering;

With the departments of:

  1. Civil Engineering
  2. Agriculture Engineering
  3. Mineral Resources Engineering

          The college runs the following programmes;

  1. ND, HND &POST-HND Electrical/Electronic Engineering
  2. ND & HND Chemical Engineering
  3. ND & HND Agric. Engineering
  4. ND & HND Mechanical Engineering
  5. ND mineral Resources Engineering
  6. HND mineral Processing Engineering
  7. HND Mining Engineering
  8. HND Geological Engineering
  9. ND & HND in Computer Engineering
  10. HD &HND in Civil Engineering.

The five colleges of Kaduna Polytechnic are located within Kaduna metropolis. The college of science and technology (CST) and the college of Engineering (COE) are located on the main campus in Tudun Wada; the college of business and management studies (CBMS) along the golf course road Ungwar-Rimi.

Government Council

The body charged with the general supervision and control of the polytechnic is the governing council .which consist of the representative for government is governing council .which consist of representative for government and private sectors.

Principal Officers of Kaduna Polytechnic:

            The rector is the chief Academic and Administrative officers of the polytechnic. He is assisted by two deputy Rectors (i e Academics and Admin. The Registrar is the Head of Administration Staff of the institution) He is also the secretary to the government council, Academic Board and all sub-committees of the council, other principal officers are the polytechnic Librarian and the Bursar.   

            The principal officers and other key officers are as follows:

  1. Ag Rector
  2. Deputy Rector Academics
  3. Deputy Rector Administration
  4. Registry
  5. Bursar
  6. Polytechnic Librarian
  7. Director CST
  8. Director CES
  9. Director CBMS
  10. Director CEO
  11. Director CASSS
  12. Director Academic Planning
  13. Director Medical Service
  14. Director Works and Service
  15. Director Physical and Planning
  16. Director Special Duties
  17. Director CTEED.

The student affairs division in the central administration is under the office of the registrar and is headed by the deputy registrar (student affairs).

            The function of the division includes:

Central co-ordination of all the student affairs and general various colleges.

Welfare Section takes care of physical and emotional needs of students through sports.

Guidance and Counseling Section for guidance and counseling on general and religious aspect.    

1.3       Statement of the Problem

Personnel are hired as a whole person not just their skills. This implies that whatever that affects any aspect of their personality has its consequences on their ability to deliver on the task for which they are hired. Be that as it may, most organizations feel that paying a competitive wage rate is enough to stimulate and sustain the commitment of the personnel to duty. While this notion is not totally false as it may meet their economic need, it may not necessarily meet the psycho-social needs of the personnel and this can create a snag on their ability to satisfactorily perform their duties. Making personnel part of organizational decision processes makes them own its outcomes. Where personnel are separated from decision making processes, it may hinder their total commitment and participation in team processes and this can affect team’s performance negatively.

In a public organization, the objective of the organization is to satisfy its personnel. Only those organizations which can keep their personnel happy will achieve their long term goals. And by providing good facility to its personnel we can get better outcome. The facilities such as latrines and urinals, drinking water, washing and bathing facilities, creches, rest shelters and canteen, arrangements for prevention of fatigue, health services including occupational safety, uniform and protective clothing and shift allowances.  Personnel needs are always high than that fulfilled by employer. Personnel welfare procedures are regarded to be a good investment by employer for improving organizational efficiency and to achieve the long term goals of the organization. Each and every organization should give first priority to their personnel. When personnel are happy definitely efficiency of these personnel as well as outcome of the organization will be productive. Personnel health is the most important thing in every organization. Each and every personnel should be healthy so that they can perform work properly and can give their best.

The problem of this study is therefore to examine Personnel Welfare as an Incentive for Higher Productivity in Public Organization using Kaduna Polytechnic as a case study. However more light shall be shed on the dimensions of personnel welfare schemes such as economic services, recreational services and facilitative services so as to understand the subject matter.

1.4     Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this study is to examine Personnel Welfare as an Incentive for Higher Productivity in Public Organization. Its specific objectives include:

  1. To examine economic welfare scheme as a determinant of personnel proficiency in Kaduna Polytechnic
  2. To examine personnel recreational welfare scheme as a determinant of their productivity in Kaduna Polytechnic
  3. To examine facilitative welfare scheme as a determinant of personnel organizational citizenship behavior in Kaduna Polytechnic

1.5       Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following questions;

  1. To what extent does economic welfare scheme determine personnel proficiency in Kaduna Polytechnic?
  2. Does personnel recreational welfare scheme determine personnel productivity in Kaduna Polytechnic?
  3. How does facilitative welfare scheme determine personnel organizational citizenship behavior in Kaduna Polytechnic?

1.6       Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in the benefit that the findings would provide to many individuals, groups and organization a very good source of literature review material for any study relevant to the topic.

Secondly, organization will certainly find this project very useful in understanding the nature of personnel welfare as an incentive for higher productivity in public organization.

Lastly, it is also believed that the study will be of benefit to the reader who likes to have better knowledge of personnel welfare scheme on how to meet the challenges facing public organization.

1.7       Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study appraises Personnel Welfare as an Incentive for Higher Productivity in Public Organization, but was carried out in Kaduna Polytechnic.

Most research works usually come with one challenge or the other and therefore, this will not be an exemption. In projection of this study, the research work will be constrained by time as the research work is clashing with the academic workloads of the researcher.

1.8      Operational Definition of Terms

Personnel: According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, “a body of persons usually employed (as in a factory or organization)”. Cambridge Dictionary puts it as “the people who are employed in a company, organization, or one of the armed forces”.

Welfare:  the state of doing well especially in respect to good fortune, happiness, well-being, or prosperity.

Personnel Welfare: the efforts to make life worth living for workmen. According to Todd, personnel welfare means anything done for the comfort and improvement, intellectual or social, of the personnel over and above the wages paid which is not a necessity of the industry.

Incentive: a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something or a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment.

Productivity: the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.

Organization: an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department.

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