Tag Archives: Library

IMPACT OF ICT SKILLS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

THE IMPACT OF ICT SKILLS ON THE INCREASE IN UNDERGRADUATES’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the Study

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become a phenomenon to reckon with in the academic arena as its applications in modern day education have made students not to be confined within the classroom environment, they now explore the vast horizon of knowledge through ICT. ICTs are evolving technologies and are difficult to isolate from academic environment.

Information Communication Technology according to Unagha & Ugocha (2012) includes computer and telecommunication facilities. It is concerned with the technology used in handling, acquiring, processing, storing and dissemination of information. Thus Information Communication Technology is any technology used in producing, organizing and passing information through. Similarly, Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary sees ICT as electronic media used in processing, analyzing, storing and sending out information. Evey et al (2010) observed that ICT is innovative device that can carry out such functions as receiving, storing, computing, analyzing, transmitting and retrieving information presented to them and allowing for one-to-one or group communication among humans.

Similarly, Obashoro (2007) identified ICT infrastructure to include multi-media CD-ROMs, MP3 players, websites, discussion boards, emails, computer-aided assessments, learning management software, blogs, etc. In the same vein, Folorunso, Longe and Ijere (2003) identified ICT infrastructure to include internet, World Wide Web (www), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Protocols, Content Management and Meta Data Standard (MDS).

In recent times, there has been intense advocacy both nationally and internationally for the application of ICT in teaching and learning process. Ekpo & Ifreke (2001) observed that the application of ICT in the school subjects is to make learners learn better and teacher to teach well, it is not a hindrance to teacher–student relationship. It rather ensures instructional communication where the teacher manages the students, time and other required resources to make sure that instructional events occur leading to a positive change in performance of students. For example, Olaniyi (2006) observed that internet system, which is a major ICT, gives students access to wide range of information and knowledge about environment, socio-cultural, economic and other aspects of life of the people in various parts of the world – education they cannot afford not to have in the 21st Century.

It is envisaged that educators will see ICT as a major teaching and learning device across all educational institution. With its power of interactivity, multimedia and communication, the computer proves an excellent tool for teaching and learning. The idea is that students will be active “participants” rather than “spectators” in teaching and learning process. With the use of internet in teaching, for example, the role of the teacher changes from that of “gatekeeper” of knowledge to that of “facilitator” and “manager” of the learning environment. The students will become self-directed learners rather than a passive learner (Ryan, Scott & Freeman, 2000). Through the guidance of the teacher, each student/pupil sets priorities and achievable goals and assumes responsibility for reaching the goals. As internet enables the students engage in self-directed learning experiences and activities, that encourages self-expression, co-operative learning and interaction not only with immediate environment or their present curriculum, but with the outside world as well, the students become vast in general knowledge as well as in their academic work (Ekpo & Ifreke, 2001).

The role of the university, both in the academic development of the individual and the society at large, is changing and is, therefore, altering higher education’s core production and delivery process, which brings new challenges to the fore (Ryan, Scott & Freeman, 2000; Loing, 2005). School authorities and lecturers must, therefore, continuously strive to create learning environments and experiences that will enable students to construct their own knowledge rather than embrace the traditional teaching method of knowledge transfer especially through encouraging the development of ICT skills (Van der Schee, 2003). Students need flexible, targeted, and accessible learning methods (Ryan, Scott & Freeman, 2000) and these methods should be thought through very carefully planned programmes that will result in competence of the students to adequately use ICTs for academic purposes.

The use of ICT has increased and broadened the impact and skills of students on how to seek information electronically. Interestingly, acquiring ICT skills have become increasingly important in the pursuance of a degree-level education. This is because how students manipulate these e-learning resources and the way they are used for learning is necessary. ICT skills deal with the application of ICT to specific purposes. It is not just about using software packages or using operating systems, neither is it concerned only with keyboarding skills and student’s ability to copy-type or follow instructions. Rather, ICT skills among undergraduates is about students’ ability to use their knowledge about ICT to find, develop and present information; whether it is text, image or number, or all of these in an integrated task. The means of acquiring these ICT skills must be imbedded in students learning and be part and parcel of their educational experience as to impact on their academic performance and other aspects of their lives. The question then is, in the light of all the factors affecting ICT use, what are the possible impacts of ICT skills and ICT use on the academic performance of undergraduates?

1.2     Statement of the Problem

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills remains a necessity for undergraduate students to be able to participate successfully in today’s global information society. In this technology-intensive society, students are required to be proficient in ICT especially computers. On the contrary, observation by the researcher has shown that many undergraduate students lack the wherewithal, rudiments needed to make effective use of ICT to meet their educational requirements. For example, some undergraduates cannot effectively use the internet without calling for assistance. It has also been revealed that many undergraduates always seek for assistance in one way or the other while using ICT facilities such as the computer.

In developed countries, students are required to demonstrate computer proficiency early in their educational experience by means of passing an assessment test. However, this is hardly obtainable in our part of the world. Consequently, most undergraduates may lack ICT skills. In view of the foregoing, the present study intends to investigate the impact of ICT skills on the academic performance of undergraduates in the Department of Library and Information Science in selected universities in Edo State.

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The overall objective of this research is to study the impact of ICT skills on the increase in undergraduates’ academic performance. The specific objectives are:

  1. To determine the availability of ICTs for use by LIS undergraduates in universities in Edo State.
  2. To examine the level of ICT skills possessed by LIS undergraduates in Ambrose Alli universities in Edo State.
  3. To determine the effects of ICT skills on LIS undergraduates use of ICT in universities.
  4. To find out the effects of ICT use by LIS undergraduates on their academic performance.
  5. To identify the challenges facing the development of ICT skills by LIS undergraduates in universities in Edo State.
  6. To identify the challenges facing the use of ICTs for academic purposes by LIS undergraduates in universities in Edo State.

1.4     Research Questions

  1. What are the available ICTs used by LIS undergraduates in universities in Edo State?
  2. What are the ICT skills possessed by LIS undergraduates in universities in Edo State?
  3. What is the effect of ICT skills on LIS undergraduates’ use of ICT in universities?
  4. What are the effects of ICT use on LIS undergraduates’ academic performance in universities?
  5. What are the challenges facing the development of ICT skills by LIS undergraduates in Universities.
  6. What are the challenges facing the use of ICTs for academic purposes by LIS undergraduates in universities?

1.5     Scope of the Study

This study will focus on the impact of ICT skills on the academic performance of LIS undergraduate students in Nigeria. Undergraduate students of Library and Information Science in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma and University of Benin, Benin City will be used for the study. Undergraduates from other departments will be excluded from this study.

1.6     Significance of the Study

It is hoped that the findings of this study will be significant in that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skill is a factor which not only affects university students’ social affairs but also influence the their academic performance when properly utilized for that purpose. Therefore, it is hoped that findings from this present work will expose the challenges undergraduates face as regards the acquisition in access to information. It is also hoped that the present study will highlight the hindrances bedeviling students’ access to and use of ICT facilities.

It is believed that this study will establish a practical basis for increased training of university undergraduates on the use of ICTs beyond the performance of basic functions of the computer as it aims to draw attention to the need for the possession of ICT literacy in the 21st century. That is, it will benefit both the government as an information resource on the basis of which policies can be formulated. The benefits for librarians will be immense also, as the putting into practice, the recommendations from this study will make their jobs easier and run smoothly when their patrons have ICT skills with which to access electronic-based documents and other services. The benefits for the student will be in the form of encouragement to develop ICT skills that will be use to them and positively impact on their academics. Finally, it is hoped that this research work will be of benefit to researchers carrying out similar or related study, serving as a source of information.

1.7     Operational Definition of Terms

Academic Performance: The outcome of education — the extent to which a student or institution has achieved their educational goals.

ICT Skill: The ability to use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for performing functions with ICTs, carry out information retrieval and the accomplishment of simple, ICT-based basic tasks.

Impact: The marked effect or influence of one thing on another; Measure of the tangible and intangible effects (consequences) of one thing’s or entity’s action or influence upon another.

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs): This is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them in the collection, processing and dissemination of information

Skill: The ability to do something well; expertise. An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job functions.

Undergraduate: A university student who has not yet obtained a first degree.

Universities: High-level educational institutions in which student study for degrees, and academic research is done.

Library: A building or room containing collection of books, periodicals, and sometimes films are recorded music for use or borrowing by the public or the members of an institution.

Information: Facts provided or learned about something or someone, which is conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement or sequence of things.

Science: The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

Library and Information Science: The profession devoted to applying theory and technology to the creation, selection, organization, management, preservation, dissemination and utilization of collections of information in all formats.

 

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THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGIES ON LIBRARY FUNCTION

THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGIES ON LIBRARY FUNCTION AND EFFECTIVE INFORMATION SERVICE RENDERING

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the study.

Service effectiveness is often associated with a judgment of how well a service is performing by the direct beneficiaries of that service. In the opinion of Harvey (2004), it is the extent to which an activity fulfils its intended purpose or function. The concept of service effectiveness is of utmost importance to university libraries because the effectiveness of the library as a whole can be inferred from its service provision. In the view of Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain (2006), well-stocked and efficient libraries act as eyes or pathfinders for researchers and provide them the inspiration to venture into new areas of research. An ineffective library, on the other hand, may lead to low quality or duplication of research thus resulting in waste of financial, material and human resources.

Lancaster (2000) was of the opinion that, the overall criterion of effectiveness is the proportion of user demands that are satisfied. Satisfaction has however, been described as a sense of contentment that arises from an actual experience in relation to an expected experience (Hernon and Whitman 2001). It is a judgment that a service provided (or is providing) a pleasurable level of consumption. Satisfaction with library services is therefore, a feeling of fulfillment that is derived from the use of library services.

Assessing service effectiveness from users’ perspective is of crucial importance to libraries as Buckland (1999) warns, that considering library services in the absence of the people who use them would have little meaning and less benefit. Therefore, it is necessary for university libraries to understand how user group views their services in order to aid the planning of future services. Library managers are most strategically positioned to deal with issues relating to work process creation, evaluation and improvement strategies. The argument here is that they are professionally and educationally trained to do so. Library managers must realize that old ways of doing things can no longer cope with the challenges of a globalized environment and information and communication technology-driven work culture. Failure to initiate fast, adaptable, dynamic and interactive work process will invite the imposition of same from other professions like Information Communication Technology, organizational developers and management consultants.

The Library as an important and integral component of a higher institution has offered opportunity for students and staff to explore and expand their minds (Blau, 2004). It could be said that the library has become a focal place for enrichment, entertainment, education and empowerment through knowledge. In striving to serve its client, there is need for a library to clearly understand the continually changing needs of its constituency, from undergraduates, graduates, academic staff and even school age children and local citizens (Blau, 2004). Despite the processing and propagation of library resources, a key trait of a university library is the services based around personal interaction between users and the library staff. Librarians should make sure that these services show proper levels of customer care and that the information given to the users is useful and at the right level (Loughborough University Library, 2005).

It is interesting to note that to be successful, today’s librarians need to not only understand but also embrace current and emerging technologies affecting library functions and the information needs of library users (Nyambpga and Kemparaju, 2002). Olanlokun and Tiamigh (1982) have opined that with the advent of technology, things that were done manually in the past are now done using computers and communication technologies. In otherwords technology involves the application of computers and other information communication gadgets to facilitate the librarian work. Thus, technology has become a blessing in the generation, packaging and utilization of information by information seekers, and librarians should braze up to the new challenges. In a survey conducted by Ojo and Akande (2005) to know how students use the electronic information resources, it was gathered that students use technology (internet) more. Other electronic information resources used by students in the order of importance include CD-ROM, e-Journal, OPAC. A lot of academic information can be received using the resources both inside and outside of the library. This may be the reason why they are more popular than other resources. Asked where they normally go to access electronic information resources, some of them say cyber café, while others say they use the internet in the library, others use the internet in their parents’ offices.

Technology is pervasive in connecting peers, exploring interests, and finding both informational and recreational material (Ito et al. 2008). According to Ito et al., teens use online spaces, which allows for “constant contact with friends via texting, IM, mobile phone and Internet connections” (2008). They also “use the online world to explore their interests and find information beyond what they have access to at school or in their local community”. This enables them to connect to peers with specialized interests and fosters exploration of new media and technology. This “messing around” and variety of play experiences (Crow 2011) foster curiosity and give students the opportunity to explore and create.

The unprecedented pace of technological change in the development of digital information networks and electronic services in recent years has also helped to expand the role of the academic library. Once only a storehouse of printed materials, it is now a technology-laden information network where students can conduct research in a mixed print and digital-resource environment, experience the use of advanced information technologies, and hone their computer skills (Weddell, 2008). Academic libraries especially the university libraries have been using ICT in the provision of services and in the management of their collection. This is a shift from the traditional method.

1.2     Statement of the Problem

The library has traditionally been seen and recognized as the academic heart of the university, with students relying mostly on it for their information needs. Although libraries strive hard to ensure that services are effective, it is not unlikely that users, especially undergraduates have a different view of library services. In order to reconcile the library’s assessment of its own service effectiveness with that of the users, it therefore becomes necessary for libraries to carry out occasional assessment of service effectiveness.

Technology was expected to support the level of service rendering in libraries but over the years this has not been the case due to poor documentation and users apathy. However, as Ojo and Akande (2005) confirmed not much has been documented on its impact on effective information service rendering of academic libraries. Therefore, in the light of this, this study examined the influence of technologies on Library function and effective information service in  selected university libraries in Edo State.

1.3     Objectives of the Study.        

The broad objective of this study is to look at the influence of technologies on Library function and effective information service rendering. The specific objectives are:

  1. To determine the types of technologies in university Libraries.
  2. To determine the extent of use of technologies in service rendering in the libraries.
  3. To determine the benefits of technology on users of selected academic libraries.
  4. To find out the challenges in the use of technologies on services rendering in selected academic libraries.
  5. To determine possible solutions to challenges associated with the use of technology in library service rendering.

1.4     Research Questions.

  1. What are the types of technologies in university Libraries.
  2. What is the extent of use of technologies in service rendering in the libraries.
  3. What are the impacts of technologies on Librarians of selected academic libraries.
  4. What are the challenges in the use of technologies on services rendering in selected academic libraries.
  5. What are the solutions to established challenges in the application of technologies on Library services.

1.5     Scope of the Study.

The scope of this study will be limited to universities in Edo State. It will focus on effects of technologies on library information service rendering in university libraries.

1.6     Significance of the Study

This study is considered significant in many respects. It is hoped that the findings will reveal some technologies that may be of importance to researchers at the University that librarians might not be aware. Secondly, the findings of the study might serve as a platform on which the library´s strength in meeting researcher information needs can be achieved. Furthermore, it is hoped that the study will establish the existing gaps in the adoption of technology in the operations of academic library in achieving their statutory functions.

Also, the output of this study will serve as a blueprint for libraries, information managers/information scientists, researchers, lecturers, students, and teachers to chart the right course of action for the use of information and communication technology in furthering service rendering. Finally, the outcomes from the study will provide a panacea for solving the challenges faced by academic libraries in coping with the trends in ICT.

1.7       Limitation of Study

This study should have covered the entire universities in Nigeria in order to draw a holistic conclusion on the subject, but it is restricted to a few selected universities in Nigeria due to time and financial constraints.

1.8       Operational Definition of Terms       

Communication: Communication refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to person or from one place to another. When action produces a reaction whether positive or negative, communication has taken place.  It is also a process: a transfer of information, ideas, thoughts and messages. It involves a sender, medium or channel, a receiver, a code and, a language that is understood by both the sender and the receiver.

Information:    Information means processed data or, that which aids decision making. Information is abstract, and could also be visualized as a commodity, which could be bought or sold (Krubu and Osawuru, 2011).

Information and Communication Technology (ICT): It is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.

Library: A library is an organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It includes other sources like reference materials, books relating to school curriculum, general books not relating to a specific subject area, periodicals, newspapers, audio- visual materials, government publications and electronically stored and retrievable materials.

 

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METHOD OF COMBATING BOOK THEFT AND VANDALISM IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A CASE STUDY OF AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA

METHOD OF COMBATING BOOK THEFT AND VANDALISM IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A CASE STUDY OF AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA

ABSTRACT

This study examine the book theft and vandalism in Ahmadu Bello University Library. The study uncovered not only methods of` eradicating theft and vandalism in the library understudy, but also the cause(s) of book theft and vandalism, how book theft and vandalism are committed, how book theft and vandalism affected the administration of the library understudy and ways or methods book theft and vandalism can be prevented from the library system. Some of the strategies identified include; increased public awareness and staff training on collection protection, provision of security personnel within and outside the library premises, provision of adequate photocopying services, provision of more access to information resources, periodical searching of students hostels, introduction of stop and search method, installation of security cameras and provision of electronic resources. The study recommends provisions of adequate photocopying services in the library, the use of electronic books in the library, placing plain clothed security staff in different location of the library, consistent provision of library materials with the national University commission; ration (10.1) that is 10 books per students and honouring the provision of national policy on education by the authorities of higher learning in Nigeria.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background to the Study

Theft and vandalism of library materials is ill wind that blows no one any good. In the most recent times, the problem of theft and vandalism of library book has assumed an alarming dimension. In a study of security problem of university libraries, Nwamefor (1974) described theft and vandalism as anti –social acts which are universal and persistent in spite of orientation talks during freshmen week on care and treatment of books.

Library users seem to have devised various means of vandalizing and stealing of library materials. It does appear that library fraudsters are introducing more complex and sophisticated methods of stealing and vandalism books each time library authorities identified and put measures in place to check already existing methods. That libraries have lost most of its valuable reading materials to theft and vandalism is not on understatement. This practices is not limited to one library alone but cuts across the various types of libraries and this call for concern. To buttress this point Adebayo and Sakor (1999) in a related study quoted Zeidbsy (1987) who observed that: between 1979 and 1989 alone, America academic library reported theft and missing materials including book valued at $ 1.1 million in plates, engraving, books and manuscripts.  

According to Ogunyade (2005), Theft and vandalism of books are certainly not new development of our time. Such acts can be traced as far back as 539BC in Egypt when the Persian conquerors removed rolls of papyri from the library of Rames 11 around 41BC. During the Middle Ages library books were chain –locked to prevent them from theft.

From the earliest time to the present, librarian are bothered on how to ensure the protection of library materials from theft and damage. As custodians of library materials and resources, librarians own an obligation to their patrons and users to preserve the library stocks.

Theft and vandalism of library books is a problem for libraries all over the world. It is costly and descriptive for both libraries and library patrons. Book theft is the intentional removal of books from the library in an unauthorized manner.

According to Ogunyade (2005) in many libraries where periodic or regular stock taking is carried out, it was discovered that many books were lost resulting from theft and vandalism are enormous. Typically, libraries lost between 5 and 10% of their collections annually to theft and vandalism.

The threat to intellectual property through theft and vandalism has posed tremendous challenges to the library profession worldwide. According to Jackson (1991), incidents of theft, non –return of materials and vandalization of library stock are on the increase.

According to Izundu (2006), theft and vandalization of library materials is an ill wind that blows no one any good. In the most recent times, the problem of library book theft and vandalism has assumed an alarming dimension. In a study of security problems of university libraries. Harry (2010) reveal that these antisocial activities are more pronounced for almost all third world countries. Ajegbomogun (2004) sees theft and vandalism as a common phenomenon in Nigerian universities and if not checked will create a serious threat to Nigerian library’s collection and preservations.

According to Akor (2013), libraries have been seen as one of the pillars of civilization. No nation can function effectively without the use of a library. The term library means a collection of educational materials organized for use. The word is derived from the Latin word Liber which mean a book. This is a good reason to believe that the root concept of library is deeply embedded in our ways of thinking about the world and coping with its constraints. In its primary role as guardian of the social memory, there are many parallels with the ways in which the human memory orders, stores and retrieved the information necessary for survival.

Alokun (2003) affirm that libraries are essential established to cater for the information needs of different categories of users which covers different economical, social and cultural aspects.

In order to achieve its purposes libraries have to put their best in securing, managing and preventing libraries collections from theft and vandalisation to meet the demand of its heterogeneous clientele.

Library users seem to have devised various means of mutilating and outright stealing of library materials. It does appear that library fraudsters are introducing more complex and sophisticated methods of theft and vandalism each time library authorities identified and put measures in place to check an already existing method.

Gojeh (1999), book vandalism loss reduces the efficiency of libraries in terms of materials resources. Library users become disappointed, frustrated and even losing confidence in the sorts of services provided in the library. He further observed that: vandalism of books, and book theft cost most libraries a considerable sum of money. Some mutilated books must be replaced while others that are badly and mired must be sent to the binding for major or minor surgeries

Akor (2013) stated that the crimes, which are committed by some users of the academic libraries, have deprived many others from fully achieving their information need. Vandalism, mutilation, defacement, theft etc are problems regularly encountered by the users of these libraries.

That problem of theft and vandalism of library materials has crept into Ahmadu Bello University Library system is no exaggeration but confirmed that the ascertain of the researcher that theft and vandalism are not limited to one library alone, but cut across board. But the question is what are the possible methods library fraudsters devise to vandalize and allegedly remove books from the library and what strategies can be put in place in order to combat the library fraudsters devise.  

According to Billington (2014), to develop a strategy to address the array of concern associated with the preservation and safekeeping of cultural heritage assets, the library of congress has identified four (4) interrelated components:

  1. Physical security
  2. Bibliographic controls
  3. Inventory control
  4. Preservation

Traditionally, when we thought of security of our collection, we focused on physical security controls. In developing a comprehensive collections security program, there is need to integrate the other three components as well. But physical security remains key. We must ensure the security of our facilities so that our staff, visitors and library collections are safe.

According to Billington (2014), the integrated library system was successfully launched in 1999, to enhance the library bibliographic and item tracking controls. In the same year (1999), the preservation program preserved close to 500,000 items, working in a number of areas, including mass deacidification, conservation treatment, microfilming and binding. These measures will serve the mandates to preserve the library of congress collection for use.

For the purpose of the study, it is assumed that library users exists in the academic library understudy. These users cause damage to library materials. This study will cover the various means and devices to safeguard library materials from being vandalized by obnoxious and antisocial library users.

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THE USE OF LIBRARY INTERNET SERVICES BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FOR INCREASED ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF LIBRARY USERS IN SELECTED POLYTECHNICS IN EDO STATE

ABSTRACT

The study investigates the use of library internet services by undergraduate students for increased academic performance in polytechnics in Edo State. The instrument used for collecting data was the questionnaire. Three polytechnics were selected which are Federal Polytechnic Auchi, Shaka Polytechnic Benin and Kings Polytechnic Ubiaja. The Morgan and Krejcie was used to draw 370 sample population from 11,389 total population from Auchi Polytechnic, also 108 sample population was drawn from 150 total population from Shaka Polytechnic, and 113 sample population was drawn from 164 total population from Kings Polytechnic. A total of 591questionnaires was sent to respondents, while 350 representing 59.2% were retrieved from them. The responses were analyzed using tables and simple percentages. The research revealed that the undergraduate students in polytechnics were aware of the importance of Internet and that some library internet facilities were available in the polytechnics. Similarly, it was revealed that most undergraduate students depended on these internet facilities for their assignments and projects. Finally, it was discovered that the use of library internet facilities increase the academic performance of the users (students). In conclusion, it is important that both students and lecturers should understand and appreciate the usage of library internet facilities in the learning and teaching processes while it is recommended that seminars and workshop should be organized for all students and lecturers to constantly acquaint themselves on the benefits of these services.

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USE OF LIBRARY RESOURCES BY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ESAN CENTRAL L.G.A, EDO STATE

ABSTRACT

This study examined the Use of library resources by secondary schools in Esan Central Local Government Area of Edo State. To guide this study, five research questions were raised. The purposive sampling techniques was adopted by the researcher to select 200 respondents for the study. Questionnaire was formulated and equal number was administered to the respondents so as to generate data for the study. The data gathered was analyzed using tables and simple percentage. The findings revealed that Current curriculum text books, dictionaries, fictions, computers devices, journals are available in the school library, teachers in secondary schools often use the available resources so as to meet the curriculum requirement. Library resources are being utilized in order to improve the school curriculum. Lack of fund, lack of proper organization of the school library, constant power outage, poor attitude of the staff, lack of professional trained staff are the problems militating against the availability and use of library resources. It was recommended that teaching staff and library staff should collaborate to ensure that library resources along with electronic resources are appropriately used by the students. The researcher also recommends that adequate resources should be provided information so as to improve the use of library.

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USE OF OPAC IN LIBRARY SERVICE DELIVERY BY LIBRARIANS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN EDO STATE

USE OF OPAC IN LIBRARY SERVICE DELIVERY BY LIBRARIANS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN EDO STATE

ABSTRACT

This study examined the use of OPAC in library service delivery by librarians in university libraries in Edo State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design and the population of the study comprised of all the 176 professional and para-professional librarians in university libraries in Edo State. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 127 because it allows a selection of sample based on perceived characteristics/variables relevant to the study and copies of questionnaire was used for data collection. Out of the 127 copies of the questionnaire administered, 100 were retrieved and analyzed using simple percentage, frequency count and tables. Findings from the study revealed that majority 89 (89%) of the respondents indicated that OPAC is available in their university libraries. Findings also revealed that majority of the respondents agreed that OPAC interface can be used to retrieved books through their call numbers 33 (33%), that OPAC saves time 55 (55%), facilitates easy access to library collection 69 (69%) and is faster than the manual catalogue 65 (65%).It was discovered that factors inhibiting the use of OPAC as indicated by majority of the respondents include irregular power supply 86 (86%), network failure 87 (87%) and inadequate computer systems 90 (90%). Recommendations posited by the study include adequate funding, launching library catalogue on the web and putting alternative source of power supply in place.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Research and publication have been and will continue to be a critical factor to reckon with in the career life of librarians especially those in the academic environment. It is, of course, a well-recognized verity that the quality and quantity of an institution’s research is one of the yardsticks of measuring its academic accomplishment and excellence. Hence, research productivity of librarians is worthy of focus as the quality and quantity of their publications are a determining factor in their performance evaluations, promotions, tenure, research grants, and salary increment (Okonedo, Popoola, Emmanuel and Bamigboye, 2015).

 According to Ogbomo (2010), research productivity is often used interchangeably with publication output, publication productivity. Research output and sometimes knowledge productivity. Research productivity, therefore, is expressed by the entirety of researches conducted by academic librarians in universities in his or her career over a specified time frame. Research productivity of librarians in Nigeria rest largely on the quality, and often the quantity of research published as textbooks, or chapters in books, journal articles, conference/workshop proceedings, occasional papers, monographs, edited books, bibliographies, abstracts, and indexes published. Librarians carry out research and publish for career related rewards such as status enhancement, promotion, securing tenure or permanent appointment; to gain recognition for creative thinking, visibility and acceptability within and outside the university community; to satisfy intellectual curiosity (Ocholla and Onyancha, 2012).

The library has always been known as the heart of academic activities in institutions of learning; it is in this regard that Gbadamosi & Omotayo (1995) describe it as an essential tool in learning at any level of our development right from infancy till death. No institution of higher learning can be successful without a library especially as programmes of study offered within the university would not be accredited without a well-equipped library for the provision of adequate information resources in those areas of discipline.

In providing a conducive atmosphere for research and studies, the university library provides well stocked current research materials and trained personnel to organized available information materials and assist faculty and students in the retrieval and use of these resources. Information retrieval itself has become more complex especially in the face of information overload. As a means of meeting up with the challenges of ensuring that information materials are available and accessible, libraries provide catalogues to display what is available in the library through the circulation department and where they can be obtained.

A large number of libraries in Nigeria have automated their operations and services using this technology to fulfill their user’ needs. Public catalogue, which is an important service of the library, is not exceptional to computer technology. Computerized catalogue is termed Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC). It acts as an information retrieval system for the user. OPAC has revolutionized access to bibliographic information through search capacities such as keyword searching, Boolean searching, truncation, proximity searching, and item identity number searching. These were not possible in the tradition catalogue.

Today, a number of libraries are providing OPAC service to their users to find out their documents. In such a situation, the libraries should examine periodically how much comfort the users feel with this service so that some initiatives could be taken timely to improve this facility. In the study, therefore, the productivity of academic librarians will be measured in terms of their research output. Research output includes the number of articles in journal publications, conference/workshop publications, chapters in books, number of books written, compilation of bibliographies, book reviews and on-going researches.

In theory there should be a huge demand for the services OPAC offers. When OPACs were first developed in the 1970s, they were welcomed by library users (Dowlin, 1980). More recent advances have broadened the capabilities of OPAC, increasing their potential to benefit the library user, offering an efficient and self-guided service which does not require heavy reliance upon library staff. Although a handful of experimental systems existed as early as the 1960s, the first large-scale online catalogs were developed at Ohio State University in 1975 and the Dallas Public Library in 1978. These and the other early online catalog systems intended to closely reflect the card catalogs that they were intended to replace. Using a dedicated terminal or telnet client, users could search a handful of pre-coordinate indexes and browse the resulting display in much the same way they had previously navigated the card catalog. Therefore this study examine will examine use of OPAC in service delivery by librarians in university libraries in Edo State.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Academic libraries are established in tertiary institution in Nigeria to render quality and efficient information and communication services in the academic milieu. The librarians in these libraries are the engines that are saddled with the herculean task of rendering these high quality and efficient information services. They are expected to be highly productive. High productivity on the part of librarians is very essential to ensure a very high degree of library effectiveness. Among the 20th century’s grandest information technology accomplishments was the transformation of the library card catalogue into the Online Public Access Catalogue. OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) is an online bibliography of a library collection that is available to the public. Prior to the emergence of OPAC, for users to find information about any item in a library collection, they must flip through or search a collection of catalogue cards in a filing cabinet in circulation using appropriate access points for known items. Where the item is not known, the subject catalogue is used.

It is Important to reiterate that the aim of cataloguing materials is to create and organize information, so as to promote access and use of information, and catalogues are often based on the physical location of items in the library. The basic purpose of library automation software is to help in creating a database of library holdings, which will, in turn, provide an online catalogue to help the user in identifying and locating their required documents. However, most libraries in develop countries automated their systems way back in the early and mid-1980s, libraries in Nigeria did not join in the automation movement until recently, even at that, only a few is fully automated.

The measure of academic success in academia is research productivity which requires information resources and this can be obtained through OPAC. The universities and other higher institutions set up libraries to make information resources available to assist academic staff members in their research quest. Therefore, this study set out to investigate to what extent has application of OPAC aided librarians research productivity?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the study is to examine the effect of OPAC application on research productivity of librarians. The specific objectives are to find out:

  1. The extent of availability of OPAC in Nigeria University Libraries
  2. The extent of use of OPAC by librarians in university libraries.
  3. The effect of application OPAC on university library functions and services
  4. To determine the extent the use of OPAC affects research productivity of librarians in Universities
  5. Problems hindering the application and uses of OPAC by Librarians

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To achieve the stated objectives, the following research questions are formulated:

  1. Is OPAC available in university Library?
  2. Is the OPAC used by librarians?
  3. What is the impact of application OPAC on university library functions and services?
  4. To what extent does OPAC affect research productivity of librarians in university library?
  5. What are the problems hindering the application and use of OPAC by librarians?

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study examines use of OPAC in library service delivery by librarians in university libraries    in Edo state. Interestly, only librarians working in universities will be investigated, while other tertiary institutions will be excluded from the study.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hoped that the findings from the study will contribute to existing literature on use of OPAC in library service delivery by librariansin library of higher institutions and the finding will stimulate the urge in librarians for furthering their knowledge base.

The findings from this study will also enhance librarians to identify problems militating the application of OPAC in university libraries because increase in the research outputs of academic librarians is likely to ease the tension that is usually associated with researches due to dearth of information materials. The application of OPAC will ease such process and make librarians more productive.

It is hoped that efficient library service delivery could be achieved through the use of OPAC by librarians. Furthermore, more respective colleges in the university could earn accreditation regularly from the National University Commission. The study is equally significant as it would help library authorities to see the effectiveness of meeting users need.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined as used in the context of this study for the purpose of clarity and precision.

  1. Library: Library is a place in which literary and artistic materials, such as books, periodicals newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference, or lending.
  2. Academic Libraries: They comprise of school libraries at the primary and secondary levels, college libraries, and University libraries whose prime objective is to meet the academic needs of the particular institution for which it is created to serve. The purpose of a University Library differs, in varying degree, from that of a school or college library in that the former adheres extensive and particular emphasis to research projects apart from the curricular needs of the institution.
  3. Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC): OPAC has revolutionized traditional accessibility to resources of libraries in general and academic libraries in particular. It is an interface of information retrieval system which assist information searchers to access resources of library(ies) using several access points. Traditionally, it is concerned with searching for the retrieving bibliographic records of information items instead of full-text of the content of resources. It has made searching and retrieval of bibliographic records of materials easier and faster.
  4. Environmental Factors: this refers to the physical, social, psychological and technological conditions that are found in the work places which influence directly or indirectly the productivity of librarians. Environment factors include: human beings social interaction, physical and technological infrastructure, electricity, office furniture and equipment, relative humidity, temperature, noise level and atmospheric weather condition.
  5. Productivity: This refers to the research and intellectual output of each librarian. It is the ratio of input to output per librarian. It means doing more with less. Productivity is a standard yardstick for measuring efficiency and effectiveness of the librarians. Productivity in the study refers to the measurable and quantifiable aspect of academic librarian’s job. It refers to the amount of research output in terms of publications that the academic librarians are able to produce.
  6. Staff Development: This refers to all professional development (growth) activities that academic librarians are engaged in with a view to boosting their performance, efficiency, productivity, morale and status.
  7. Library Resources: This refers to valuable information resources that are available at the library; such as books, e-books, CDs DVDs, magazine, games, computers and internet accesses.
  8. Information And Communication Technology (ICT): They are the computing, communicating facilities and features that variously support teaching, learning and range of activates in education in various fields.
  9. Computer: Computer can be referred to as the backbone, nucleus or hub of ICT application. In virtually all ICT applications, the computer is interfaced with another device in order to function effectively.
  10. Internet Facility: Internet is described as a worldwide network of computer and people. Built upon state of the art technology, the internet makes it possible for thousands of dissimilar physical networks that are not connected to one another and that use diverse hardware technologies to connect and operate as a single communication system. There are locations of various types of information on computer system linked to the internet. It is an important tool for global online services.
  11. Networks: This is a system of interconnected computers for sharing information and resources. This may involve two or more computers in a single office or several computers in different units across an organization or across the country. The networks include the local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN). With computer network, libraries can access and share information in different locations and download for users needs.
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ASSESSMENT OF THE ACQUISITION OF GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY, MINNA

ABSTRACT

The project attempted to study Assessment of the Acquisition of Government Documents for Effective Utilization in Federal University of Technology Library, Minna. It aims is to identify the channels of acquiring government document. To identify the type of government documents available and relevant to the needs of the library and its users. The researcher used the survey method. The population of the study was 50 since it is impossible for one to study the whole size of the study. The data collection instruments was questionnaire and 50 questions were returned. Thus, the study shows clearly the publication law of 1964 has no binding effect on the government printers, ministries and departments seem not to know about the existence of the law since on one has been held for not depositing its publications. While trying in acquiring the government documents, many of them are considered secret documents and therefore not to be given out or sold out to the libraries or public. Recommendations were made on the finding that A handbook on the functions of the various department. They should be made available to the libraries to help them help them know from which department to obtain a particular publication when in doubts. Adequate funds should be made available for the acquisition of library materials including government documents  because of their importance in the areas of meeting research needs of the users. Although some of the recommendations may require some feasibility study before implementation, but such recommendation as the mandatory preparation of official list of government documents can be tackled at once without any serious implication on the NLA and National libraries. Finally, effort should be exerted to see to these problems being addressed because of the important role of government information sources to researcher.

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A SUVERY OF STUDENTS INFORMATION NEEDS AND LIBRARY SERVICES IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARY, KADUNA STATE

A SUVERY OF STUDENTS INFORMATION NEEDS AND LIBRARY SERVICES IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (HMS) JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LIBRARY, KADUNA STATE

ABSTRACT

The study on A survey of Users Information Needs and Library services at Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School, Kaduna. The objectives of the study were to identify the user information needs in use of resources in Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School Kaduna, to determine the library services in Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary school Kaduna, to identify challenges of users in meeting their information, needs and library services of Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior secondary School. Lastly to provide solution of solving the problems of user information, needs and Library services of Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School. The questionnaire in form of checklist was used as the instrument for gathering information. The sample size is 70 population. For this study, the subject random sampling techniques was used. The sample in random sampling technique is subject is the population. The data gathered were analysed in frequencies, percentage tables and charts. However, is more in Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School Library, and others are less, the Library must as a matter of Policy periodically re-assess the information needs of their community. This is even more imperative now that the users have developed sophisticated needs which are constantly. Libraries should give proper orientation to library users. In order to ensure adequate use of library information, authorities should budget enough funds for the acquisition of adequate library and information resources, it is also recommended that current and adequate information resources should be acquired to increase the level of user satisfaction.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0       Background of the study

A survey of Student information needs and library service at the Health Information Management System (HMS) School, Kaduna is a general phenomenon. Library has been described as the “heart” of the learning community, providing a place for students and faculty to conduct their research and advance their knowledge. In the education system, library is the centre of academic life. A library attached to a secondary education exists to support the goals of its parent organization. Since library are an integral part of the education system, they should provide support services for the formal educational programs as well as for facilities for research and for generation of new knowledge. It is important for any information or any other library to know the real needs of the user in the school.

The library users need to improve on the quality services to survive in this volatile competitive environment. Wittaker (2011) noted that Provision of easy to use library catalogues; adequate guides to library collections and keenly shelved books enhance and facilitate library use. Hence, in order to serve all parties and support research and development, the library has to embrace such valuable tools as a catalogue, proper shelving, adoption of library automation and well trained staff. The library also serves as a place where the student can learn to keep himself up to date with the development in the social, political and economic situation in his society and the world generally. An ideal academic institution library is also expected to provide light reading materials that can help to broaden the student’s mind, to aspect and appreciate his culture and to develop his moral and intellectual horizon. It is also an institution for training of the student to understand his surroundings and well groomed individual who has been prepared to give his quota to the development of his society.

Alokun (2010) noted that every academic staff is particularly keen in keeping himself current in his subject field. Therefore, academic staffs are one of the many users of the library who expect the library to provide them with materials to enhance their teaching and research findings. The survey provided valuable data on the nature of students’ use of the library and its collections. According to literature the secondary library users are generally satisfied with the collection both in print and electronic format but there are a number of shortfalls that cause dissatisfaction. They include insufficient electronic databases, inadequate outdated books, difficult information retrieval tools, insufficient computer terminal, slow connectivity etc. The study recommended various practical steps to satisfy their clients’ needs. These were arms of stock and services. The librarians must above all establish very good relationship with the students so that they should encourage them to express their true satisfaction (Alokun 2010).

Since the library service  is committed to provide information resources, it has to develop an on-going dialog with its user in the school. Therefore it is crucial to evaluate the library services- from customer’s point of view. At the same time in order to set up user –centered service the library needs to know the users and user needs. It is impossible to assess the changing needs of the clientele unless user surveys are conducted to determine user needs and their reading interests. The school is not a static environment but, rather, one charge with change and adjustment to change.

1.2       Historical Background of Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School Library

Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School library is the product of the successful culmination of 15 years struggle by the Kaduna polytechnic community. The need for a secondary school library filled in the gap in the educational cycle, which has been existing since. In fact, the PTA of the staff school spear-headed the struggle for the establishment of the secondary school.

The secondary school dream was actualized during the leadership of DR. Nuru Yakubu who was then the rector of the Polytechnic, on Monday 17th November, 1997. It was handed to Mrs. M.A. Mahmoud as the first acting principal of the school supported by a team of (9) teaching staffs. The school took off at it temporary site, comprising of 3 block of classes the principal office and a staff room all located at the staff premises, with the population of 112 students.

School administration took over all responsibility for coordinating resources

(human and materials from within and outside the school) for the achievement of optimum result. Administrators were therefore given mandate to approved educational policies by adhering to educational curriculums. The head of the Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School was the principal, the appointments of the school’s principal was expected to be a planner, organizer, manager of resources director and coordinator of all the activities in the school.

Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School had experienced the service of three principals from 1997 – 2007.

The first was Mrs. Maimunatu A. Mahmood, she acted as the first school principal from 1997 -2001, while the second was Malam Musa Bado Gumel, from 2002-2004, and the third in leadership series was Mrs. Asmau’u Abdulkadir from 2004 -2007. It is on thus premise that the study will investigate the user needs and effectiveness of library services in the Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School, Kaduna

1.3       Statement of the Problem

In order to determine the information needs of the user of services library, as of any other kind of library, it is necessary to establish goals involved in the education process and thus achieve satisfactory interaction with supporting units in the polytechnic. This collaboration should not be disregarded, since the library user is an active participant in the information system and it must be borne in mind that his/her needs should determine the shape of the education system.

In some instances users of library services may be unaware of many of the information sources and services available or potentially available, given that their information needs may be directed towards solving a limited number of problems whereas the system is geared to very broad disciplines.

The staff of the library is responsible for the efficiency of the system and should direct users to the relevant sources and services, adapting their services to user demands. In addition, an information source should anticipate the requirements of users and gear itself to them. This can only be done through continuous cooperation between library and schools goals, making it possible not only to establish current needs but also to discern trends which will lead to the system being faced with new information demands.

Library Administration solicit funds and assistant from foreign agencies and foundations who are interested for the cause. Most student fail in achieving academic work because they do not have enough facilities in the library that will encourage them to read. Library is equipped to enable the student achieve his or her personal academic goals. Therefore, the uncertainty has motivated a survey of user needs and effectiveness of library service at the Health Information Management System (HMS) Junior Secondary School, Kaduna.

 1.4      Research Questions

  1. What are the information needs of Students in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Library Kaduna ?
  2. What are the available Library services in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Library Kaduna?
  3. What are the challenges of users information needs in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Library Kaduna?
  4. What are the solutions to challenges of users information, needs in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Library, Kaduna?

1.5       Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of the user survey were:

  1. To identify the information needs of Students in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Library Kaduna
  2. To determine the Library services in Health Information Management System (HMS) School Kaduna?
  3. To identify challenges of users in meeting their information, needs and Library services of Health Information Management System (HMS) School?
  4. To provide solution of solving the problems of user information, needs and Library services of Health Information Management System (HMS) School?

1.6       Significance of the Study

The finding of the study will be significant to user of library, teachers, Ministry of Education, students in secondary school and management.

The findings of the study will help users of library to identify information needed in achieving their goal in Health Information Management System (HMS) School, Kaduna.

The finding of the study will help in defeating the effectiveness of library same to the (teachers, Students).

The Findings of the study will benefit management, ministry of Education and Policy makes in taking decisions through identifying services.

1.7       Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research was done in Kaduna State and it covered the following: Users’ needs in achieving library services Effectiveness of library services to users of Health Information Management System (HMS) School.

Identify the problems and solutions of library services in Health Information Management System (HMS) School.

1.8       Operational Definition of Terms

Information: This can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty; it is that which answers the question of “what an entity is” and thus defines both its essence and nature of its characteristics.

Library: It is an institution that acquires, organizes, preserves and make available recorded knowledge for reading, studying and consultation.

Library Service: These are Services provided by the library to the users. This can include instruction on how to access and use library materials. The Library services / facilities include Circulation Service, Reference Service, Online reservation of books, Recommendation of library material, Current Awareness Service etc.

Needs: This is something that is necessary for an organism to live a healthy life.

School:  A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students (or “pupils”) under the direction of teachers.

School Library: A school library (or a school library media center) is a library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public or private school have access to a variety of resources.

Users: Somebody who exploits or manipulate as a means to an end.

Library user needs: It integrates students’ class educational experience and library as gateway of information resources.

 

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EFFECTS OF LIBRARY AUTOMATION SERVICES ON UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT

The study focused on the Effects of library Automation services on undergraduate medical students in Kaduna state university. The objectives of the study were to Identify automated services available for use by the medical student in Kaduna state university. Lastly to Determine the extent of effect in utilization of library automation by medical Students. Identify the challenges faced by medical students in the utilization of automated services in Kaduna state university. Identify the areas of improvement in the utilization of the automated services by medical students in Kaduna state University. The questionnaire in form of checklist was used as the instrument for gathering information. The sample size is 50 or (50% of population).. For this study, the simple random sampling techniques was used. The sample in random sampling technique is subject is the population. The sample size is 50 medical students. The data gathered were analysed in frequencies, percentage tables and charts. The study discover Automated indexing are use most in the Library. The inadequate equipment implies that majority of the respondents. Libraries are expected to provide people-oriented services, aiming at satisfying the general public through the provision of appropriate information resources and services, such as advisory services, strategic leadership, and information on local content that incorporates indigenous knowledge system into it. However, the current state of Kaduna State University is far from what it should be. Having highlighted the situation of the library, there is need for both the state government to provide all the necessary funds required for the smooth operation and provision of necessary services to the users.

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